[Basics] Spotting mechanics

[Sharana]

Greetings Captains,

 

there were a lot of questions about the spotting mechanics in WoWs and even more complaints about invisible or disappearing ships and broken smoke. This post will try to explain how are the ships spotted in WoWs. The information below is provided either by WG officials, the russian ST z1ooo in his video guide for the russian community or other confirmed sources.

 

First of all there is nothing broken in the spotting mechanic, it's "working as intended™". The question is what's intended? Well the truth is that the spotting mechanic in WoWs is pretty easy and straightforward. Unlike WoT there are no spotting points, bushes and so on.

 

In WoWs there are 3 circles around the ship. The smallest is our detection range from air, the middle one is for our detection range from surface and the biggest one is our acquisition range.

What's the "acquisition range" you might ask? Well that's our maximal drawing distance = our view range. That's pretty much the maximal distance where we can spot enemy ships or we can have them visible in our 3D world. Even if they are spotted from friendly ships, but outside that range we can't see them rendered ingame, they will be just on the minimap. This range is not showed in the ship's concealment stats, but you can use the minimap to determine it (the red circle, but it's not showed ingame).

 

It's also appropriate to mention the planes here. There is slight difference between the catapult planes and the others who are carrier-based. Their acquisition range is 11km and that's the maximal distance they can see ships on, but if there is clear line of sight. For example the scout (spotter or catapult fighter) plane can "look down" at 4km and that's his "proximity spot" - the plane will spot every ship inside that range, even if it's behind an island. The only exception is the smoke, as they can't see through smoke. To spot a ship between 4 and 11km they need clear line of sight and in this case it's important to say that the smoke's high is almost the same as the scout plane's high - so to actually spot ships behind the "smoke wall" the plane should be near the smoke itself. The other  planes however don't have such check for clear line of sight.

The scout planes can be detected from both surface and air at 4km, while the other planes get spotted from 8km.

 

Now let's take a look at the spotting itself. Don't mind my Paint™ skillz, I just tried to visualize the process. So let's take a look at it:

Situation 1: Both ships are far away from each other. Even if they are spotted from other ships they won't see each other in the game, they will only get marks on the minimap.

Situation 2: The ships are now closer to each other. The DD has spotted that CA, because it has entered the CA's spotting distance from surface (let's say 12km) and it's also inside the acquisition range. The CA should theoretically see the DD as it's inside it's view range (acquisition range), but can't spot it, because the DD's detection range is 6km and the distance is still 12km. If a plane spots that DD then the CA can see it and shoot at it, but can't spot it alone, so if the plane is destroyed or gets out of range then the DD is invisible again.

Situation 3: Both ships are now close enough. The CA entered the DD's surface detection range and can spot it.

 

That's pretty much the basics, but what's affecting the spotting distance? Speed, firing torpedoes, launching plane etc? Nope, the spotting distance ingame is influenced only by 3 things - shooting, fire aboard and the AA guns. After shooting with the main guns you will get penalty added to your detection range for 20 sec. If you extinguish the fire and disable the AA the penalty is gone right away. The shot penalties are different for every ship, but generally they look like this:

 

	DD	CA	BB	CV
Shot (20sec)	+ ~4 km	+ ~6 km	+ ~12 km	-
Fire	+ 2-3 km	+ 2-3 km	+ 2-3 km	+ 2-3 km
AA	+ 1-2 km	+ 1-2 km	+ 1-2 km	+ 1-2 km

 

Fire and AAA shots are fixed for all ships. The fire adds +2km surface detectability and +3km air detectability. The AAA shots add +1.3km surface detectability and +2km air detectability.

 

Let's imagine that ingame:

Situation 1: The DD is 9km away from the BB and can't get spotted, because it's spotting distance from surface is 6km. However when the DD starts firing it's main guns a penalty of 4km is added and the DD gets spotted. If the DD stops firing the spotting range will get down to 6km after 20 seconds. The DD however can get 2km back (so that the distance is 11km) and keep firing while staying invisible, because the spotting range even with the penalty is 10km.

Situation 2: There is scout plane in the air launched from the BB. This scout plane will fly in a circle with radius ~6km around the BB. The DD's spotting range from air is 4 km. We add the 4km penalty for shooting and the scout plane can spot this DD from 8km. Keep in mind that in this situation the DD will NOT see the scout plane, because it's detection range from surface is only 4km. So the BB using the scout plane can see this DD from up to 14km (4+4+6), but that's the maximal distance and for short time only as the scout is flying fast in circle.

 

But as I said that's balance parameter and for now it's not showed ingame. Unfortunately they consider such detailed informations unneeded inside the game, so they are thinking about making wiki-page in the future with things like this. Here are the stats for tier V DDs just as example:

 

	Minekaze	Nicholas	Gremyashchy
Surface detectability after shot	+ 3.6km	+ 3.8km	+ 3.8km
Air detectability after shot	+ 2.4km	+ 2.5km	+ 2.6km
Surface detectability when on fire	+ 2km	+ 2km	+ 2km
Air detectability when on fire	+ 3km	+ 3km	+ 3km
Surface detectability after AAA shot	+ 1.3km	+ 1.3km	+ 1.3km
Air detectability after AAA shot	+ 2km	+ 2km	+ 2km

 

So now we know how are we getting spotted, but is there something we can do to make it harder? Well of course and it's even vital for the DDs. There is 1 captain's perk (concealment expertise as 5th skill) and 1 ship's upgrade in the last slot (Concealment system mod 1). They both provide -10% from the base detection range and they are multiplied. So how is our base 7km spotting distance from surface going to look like with the both bonuses?

The formula is (base) *0.9*0.9. In our case 7*0.9*0.9 = 5.67km. If for example we open fire that penalty won't add to the 5.67km, it would be added to the base spotting range and will be lowered by the concealment bonuses. That means (7+4)*0.9* 0.9 = 8.91km instead of 9.67 (5.67+4).

 

Now few words about the more complex matter - the smoke. There are many questions about it, so here is explanation of how it works:

Situation 1: The DD is close to the BB and both can spot each other.

Situation 2: The DD pops up smoke. As you have noticed there is "puff" effect every 5 seconds when laying down the smoke. This "puff" effect creates a circle with radius 450m around the ship. The smoke is considered visually impenetrable like island from both surface and air (the only exception is 2km proximity spot from ships). When inside this smoke circle you can't be spotted, but you also can't spot anything. If you see ships then someone else is spotting them (other ships, planes).

Situation 3: The DD is moving so after few seconds it's leaving that spawned 450m circle. In this situation it's spotted again and can see the BB too.

Situation 4: As mentioned the smoke is spawned every 5 seconds, so another 450m circle is spawned and the DD is invisible again (and can't spot the BB too).

 

That's the situation when the enemy ship gets clear line of sigh to the DD when it's outside the smoke. If the DD is moving away from the ship then the smoke (which is visually impenetrable) serves as shield and the DD can't be spotted while laying down the smoke.

Let's not forget however that the DD will still be outside the smoke parts of the time, so enemy plane or another ship can spot it.  In such case the BB will be able to see it too.

 

So to sum it up - the smoke is  visually impenetrable and ships inside it can't be spotted no matter what (the only exception is 2km proximity spot from ships). The smoke however is layed down every 5 seconds in circle with radius 450m. If the DD is moving fast (more then ~ 1/4 speed) it's leaving that smoke before the new one is spawned, so it gets spotted. When it's laying down the smoke at high speeds the spawned smoke circles are not overlapping and there are free spaces between those 450m circles. In this case the smoke is not "thick" and ships can see through those free spaces. And of course as the smoke is visually impenetrable you can shoot from it avoiding spotting. You can even have ship as big as the Yamato inside the smoke,firing it's main guns, burning and shooting at the planes above him and still staying invisible. The only way to spot such ship is the proximity spot (2km). Cruisers get "hydroacoustic search" consumable that can temporary this proximity spot to 3.48km for ships and 2.52km for torpedoes.

 

Smoke deployment time is 20 seconds for all destroyers and lasts between 65 and 97 seconds depending on the tier.

 

It's also good to mention the "Situational awareness" perk (captain's tier 1 perk). Unlike WoT's 6th sense here the warning will be activated without delay and will be active as long as you are spotted. If it's 5 minutes then the perk will be active all 5 minutes.

 

At last there are many questions about the torpedo spotting ranges. For now WG is not providing the data about them ingame, but that's fixed value for each torpedo. There were speculations back in the alpha that it's range based, but turned out to be speed based. At the moment the detectability range from both surface and air is pretty much the same. There are many discussions about them, so here is complete list:

 

Ship	Torpedo Type	Detectability range
Umikaze	457 mm Type 42 mod. 1	0.7 km
Umikaze	457 mm Type 44 mod. 2	0.8 km
Wakatake	533 mm Type 44 mod. 2	1.3 km
Wakatake	533 mm Type6	1.3 km
Isokaze	533 mm Type6	1.3 km
Isokaze	533 mm Type 92	1.6 km
Minekaze	533 mm Type 92	1.6 km
Minekaze	533 mm Type 89	1.3 km
Mutsuki	610 mm Type 8 mod. 1	2.0 km
Mutsuki	610 mm Type 8 mod. 2	1.8 km
Hatsuharu	610 mm Type 8 mod. 2	1.8 km
Hatsuharu	610 mm Type 90 mod. 1	1.9 km
Fubuki	610 mm Type 90 mod. 1	1.9 km
Fubuki	610 mm Type 90 mod. 2	1.8 km
Kagero	610 mm Type 90 mod. 2	1.8 km
Kagero	610 mm Type 93 mod. 1	2.1 km
Shimakaze	610 mm Type 93 mod. 1	2.1 km
Shimakaze	610 mm Type 93 mod. 3	2.1 km

 

Ship	Torpedo Type	Detectability range
Sampson	450 mm Mk 5	0.9 km
Sampson	450 mm Mk 7	0.9 km
Wickes	533 mm Mk 3	1.1 km
Clemson	533 mm Mk 9	1.3 km
Clemson	533 mm Mk 11	1.3 km
Nicholas	533 mm Mk 11	1.3 km
Nicholas	533 mm Mk 15	1.5 km
Farragut	533 mm Mk 15	1.5 km
Farragut	533 mm Mk 15	1.5 km
Mahan	533 mm Mk 15	1.5 km
Mahan	533 mm Mk 12	1.5 km
Sims	533 mm Mk15	1.5 km
Benson	533 mm Mk 12	1.5 km
Benson	533 mm Mk 14	1.2 km
Fletcher	533 mm Mk 14	1.2 km
Fletcher	533 mm Mk 14	1.6 km
Gearing	533 mm Mk 17	1.6 km
Gremyashchy	533 mm 53-39	1.3 km

 

 

 

I hope I was able to clear some of the qustions about the spotting mechanics in WoWs.

 

See you on the Battlefield 

Sharana

 

[sunday]

Thanks.

[MAD_3R_Marauder]

This is _very_ helpful and clears up a lot of questions in my head

 

Thanks a ton, mate!

[mtm78]

Nice writeup, especially the smoke mechanics ;)

 

I got a question though:

 

 What's the "acquisition range" you might ask? Well that's our maximal drawing distance = our view range. That's pretty much the maximal distance where we can spot enemy ships or we can have them visible in our 3D world. Even if they are spotted from friendly ships, but outside that range we can't see them rendered ingame, they will be just on the minimap. This range is not showed in the ship's concealment stats, but you can see it on the minimap.

 

How exactly is acquisition range shown on the minimap?

 

 

The circle is the main gun range, and there are no other markers shown regarding distance?

[Sharana]

You see only part of that circle. As I said your view range = drawing distance = acquisition range.

[mtm78]

edit:

 

nvm I see it now, sorry my screen is on night saver mode and the contrast was to low to see you're overlaying the circle on the max view port distance. 

 

That indeed is part of the circle which is your acquisition range! There will be a mod soon I recon which just draws a secondary circle, just as there is a modpack now already offering last known spotted position and ship names on the minimap. 

 

Sorry for the confusion ( though I do think you should add the new image to the OP for clarity ;) ). 

[CountOfTuscany]

This was very helpful! Thanks, and keep it up!

[Djerin]

I still wonder what causes the relatively widespread occurance of ships appearing and disappearing over and over again over the span of half a minute sometimes. This can be super annoying, because the client re-renders them everytime from scratch. But since appearing ships always are rendered stationary at first it is extremely difficult to see their speed or possible turning. I'll file it under concealment for them, which many of them need very much. But I wonder how it happens.

[mtm78]

I still wonder what causes the relatively widespread occurance of ships appearing and disappearing over and over again over the span of half a minute sometimes. This can be super annoying, because the client re-renders them everytime from scratch. But since appearing ships always are rendered stationary at first it is extremely difficult to see their speed or possible turning. I'll file it under concealment for them, which many of them need very much. But I wonder how it happens.

 

If you have a replay of a game where you noticed it happening, analyzing it might give some answers?

[Pivke]

if the destroyer is in smoke, and he fires his guns or AA does he get revealed or is he invisible and can shoot freely? (if someone of his teammates are spotting the target for him)

 

because i have been shoot by a invisible destroyer not to far from me (but in a smoke) a lot of times. i mean he is in range of my secondary guns (= realy close), than he just pops smoke and can spam his guns on me without ever being revealed.

[Djerin]

 

If you have a replay of a game where you noticed it happening, analyzing it might give some answers?

 

Ugh, I cba to check my replays for this. Next time I see it I'll upload the replay and tell you about it, ok?

[Sharana]

if the destroyer is in smoke, and he fires his guns or AA does he get revealed or is he invisible and can shoot freely? (if someone of his teammates are spotting the target for him)

 

Yes if he is inside the smoke he can fire and not get spotted. You can even have Yamato inside that is burning, firing the main guns and shooting at the planes above him - he is still invisible.

The only way to spot such ships is the 2km proximity spot.

[Pivke]

ok thanks

[totte1015]

tl;dr version:

 

Please fix spotting mechanic

[Nisargananda]

Great, thank you very much.

[LilJumpa]

As always , very good explanation and visualization Sharana , thx for that and your great work!

 

 

 

But I still have a couple of questions about the smoke.

 

You say the "puff circles" are treated as visually inpenetrable like islands. When I have an Island in my line of sight, I cannot spot anything behind that, no matter how close I am. In my expirience the smoke circles are not quite like that. 

 

I take those 2 pictures of your explanation as an example of what I mean

 

 

 

If those circles where islands the BB could not spot the DD, depending on the height of the islands, the height of the ship and the distance between them. If I am not directly inside the smoke circles , but behind them, like shown on these pictures, the ships usually get spotted. So either those smoke circles are not very high, or the mechanics are a little different than the ones of islands.

 

Could you maybe be a little more specific about this?

[Chr1spy85]

Thanks for this Sharana, great guide

Really helped out in using the smoke screen effectively and just had a brilliant game in my Farragut because of it.

[DukeH4mm3r]

This kinda deserves to be a sticky in my eyes. Or put in to a sub-section page on the forum all about guides to the game. Great guide Sharana! :-)   

[Sharana]

As always , very good explanation and visualization Sharana , thx for that and your great work!

 

 

 

But I still have a couple of questions about the smoke.

 

You say the "puff circles" are treated as visually inpenetrable like islands. When I have an Island in my line of sight, I cannot spot anything behind that, no matter how close I am. In my expirience the smoke circles are not quite like that. 

 

I take those 2 pictures of your explanation as an example of what I mean

 

 

 

If those circles where islands the BB could not spot the DD, depending on the height of the islands, the height of the ship and the distance between them. If I am not directly inside the smoke circles , but behind them, like shown on these pictures, the ships usually get spotted. So either those smoke circles are not very high, or the mechanics are a little different than the ones of islands.

 

Could you maybe be a little more specific about this?

 

Well according to WG the smoke is exactly like island and is very high - almost the altitude of the scout plane. The difference is that each portion of smoke is with radius 450m only, while the islands are much bigger - you can't use the 2km proximity spot with the islands, because they are usually bigger.

You can also get spotted from scout planes as I said, sometimes you can't even see them, while they can (you will see them when they are 4km or closer). 

[xBamBamx]

Another great guide thank and have another +1

[MacHopper]

Fantastic Guide, and the kind of post we like to see more of! +1 for me and I agree, Pin this thread.

[LilJumpa]

please pin

[Jexter]

Great guide, Sharana, many thanks! This should deffo be stickied.

[GrumpyWorm]

Moved

[RaptorWildfire]

Cheers Sharana for your work, at least.