ORP „Błyskawica”,
ORP "Lightning", 2012 Class destroyer Grom type History Shipyard J. Samuel White, Cowes Laid down: Launched: October 1, 1935 October 1, 1936 Navy Entry into service 25 November 1937 Decommissioned: January 1, 1975 (for active duty) Fate: museum ship General Characteristics Displacement 2144 t (Normal, 1937) Length 114 m Beam 11.3 m Draught 3.3 m Hull material steel 39.6 Speed Range 2000 nm node at 15 in. Crew 192 Drive two units of steam turbines with a capacity of 54 000 hp
Three boilers Admiralty
2 screws Utilities 1945:
8 Department of caliber 102 mm
4 runs plot. caliber 40 mm
4 runs plot. caliber 20 mm
Four torpedo tubes caliber 533 mm
depth charges
Main article: Grom destroyers type.
At the turn of the 20th and 30 Management of the twentieth century, the Navy (KMW) made efforts to win more, the "whirlwind" and "The Tempest", destroyers (then called destroyers). November 24, 1932, the head of KMW Admiral George Swirski received after a personal interview with Marshal Pilsudski's oral agreement to enlarge the existing fleet. [1] Its effect was to hold a in May 1933 of the French shipyard tender for the supply of two destroyers, and after his fiasco, following the January 1934 year among Swedish shipyard, also failed [2]. At that time, crystallized tactical and technical foundation for the planned ships, including but not limited utility as the main armament Bofors artillery guns caliber 120 mm [1].
The third auction, this time of the British yard, KMW announced in July 1934. September 4th, the jury announced the victory of the project shipyard John Thornycroft & Co.. of Southampton, second place giving the plans presented by the firm J. Samuel White & Co.. from Cowes on the Isle of Wight [1]. However, since the project Thornycroft price was too exorbitant, finally decided to accept the offer from Cowes yard [2], demanding the introduction of some amendments, including the strengthening of the main weapons in accordance with the wishes of the Polish [1]. The contract for delivery of two destroyers future the "Thunder" and "Lightning", concluded March 29, 1935 roku [2]. From the KMW agreement was signed by engineer Nicolas Berens [3]. Final plans were developed units in May of that year. [1]
Under the agreement, the British side guaranteed to provide ready-made ships within 26 months after the keel was laid [4], as in "Lightning" (number of shipyards in 1801) took place on 1 października 1935 years [2]. They were the largest ships built at the yard White to date (previously the biggest was the leader of "Kempenfelt") [1]. Works shipyard on the Polish side were overseen by a special committee headed by engineer commander Stanislaw Rymszewicz [5]. Decided by the Head KMW May 3, 1936 years for the new destroyer provided the name "Lightning" [6]. Launching ceremony took place exactly one year after the start of construction, 1 October 1936 year at 11.55, and the godmother of the ship was Cecilia Raczyńska [a], the wife of Edward Raczynski, the then ambassador in London [7]. Among the guests of honor were, among others: Admiral William Wordsworth Fisher, George Earl Jellicoe, Sir Samuel Instone, chief naval constructor Stanley V. Goodall, and by the Polish Ambassador Raczynski, Consul General of the Republic of Poland in London Karol Poznanski, Commander Engineer Alexander Rylke [7] .
Further work on the ship's trim and equipment were slightly extended, due in part to the Polish side, which in 1936 was late with deliveries [2]. Formal completion on 1 October 1937 and sea trials were held in September and October. In the course of reported problems with the vibration of the hull, the removal of which require replacement screws and double blow opłomek in boilers. November 22 speed test was carried out, during which reached 40.4 destroyer node [2].
By order of the Minister of Defence, Major General Tadeusz Kasprzycki, November 25, 1937 year, "Lightning" became the Polish ship [8]. On the same day, in Cowes, on the destroyer was raised white-red flag, and the first crew, commanded by Lieutenant Commander Tadeusz Ramp-Morgenstern, she moved to Gdynia, where 1 December was officially greeted by "Wicher" in the company of two minesweepers [ 4]. Expected for the new destroyer sign boards "ERR" has already been painted, due to changes in the rules on labeling of ships of the Navy. [4]
Description of the structure [edit]
"Lightning" was a great destroyer (by British builders known as the leader of [7]), an overall length of 114 m (between perpendiculars 108.8 m [2], the design waterline 111 m [6]) and a maximum width of 11.3 m [9] . The proposed displacement of 2144 tons normal average draft was set at 3.3 m [10]. Standard displacement was 2011 tons of English (TS) [11]. Drive the ship were two sets of Parsons steam turbines, driving through a mechanical transmission shafts with two screws trójłopatowymi. Superheated steam for the turbines, the temperature 331 ° C, providing a three-tube type boilers Admiralty trójwalczakowe a total area of 1222 sq ft heating [2] and pressure of 26.2 at [12]. The total capacity of the drive system, amounting to 54 000 hp, ensures a maximum speed of 39.6 knot [4], which exceeded the contractual 39 knots [10]. 350 tons of fuel oil supply achieved the maximum range of 2,000 miles at a speed of marine economy of 15 knots [3] (according to another source of ocean 3573 miles at 15 knots with the fact that there is a specified period, the data subject [12]). To power additional auxiliary steam boiler served a White Forster [4].
The primary armament of both class destroyers Grom consisted of seven guns Bofors wz. 34/36 caliber 120 mm, one single and three redoubled sheltered przeciwodłamkowymi masks. Single position can be found on the foredeck, and a double: one in the superposition of the superstructure bow, one on the aft deck and one on the poop, even in superposition [3]. Putting duplicated positions on the forward superstructure, over a single, protected them from splashing through the waves and allow it to be used even in rough seas, but caused problems with stability [5]. Anti-aircraft armament were two doubled the automatic Bofors wz. 36 L/60 caliber 40 mm stabilized grounds, located on special pedestals in the center line of the hull, between the chimney and the front camera torpedo torpedo and between cameras and four doubled heaviest in with Hotchkiss machine guns. 30 caliber 13,2 mm, stands on the side sponsonach combat deck and superstructure aft [10]. Torpedo armament consisted of two triple-caliber 550 mm cameras, with reducing the caliber 533 mm torpedoes [4]. The anti-submarine chute served two depth charges in tunnels podpokładowych at the stern with a supply of 20 bombs BH 200 (one of the sources is also known as primary weapons onboard two depth charge throwers Thornycroft type [3]). On the aft deck tracks were mine for 44 [10], up to 60 min of the sea [4].
Under the proposal, the crew consisted of 192 officers, petty officers and men [2]. During the service number of the crew was changing.
Modernization
ORP Mazur - Polish torpedo and artillery school ship, one of the first ships of the Navy, serving in the years 1922-1939, the former German "V 105" of the First World War. Nestled on 1 September 1939 by the German air force.
Total length of the ship was 62.6 meters and length between perpendiculars is 62 m maximum width of 6.22 m and 2.54 m full immersion Average draft was 2.07 m [1]. Upon arrival at the Polish draft value was 1.55 m at the bow and at the stern of 1.80 m [5]. Standard Displacement (Contract) torpedo was 340 tons. The displacement of the full unit chased 421 tons. "V 105" was divided into six watertight compartments. The two of them were placed two turbines AEG Vulcan with total capacity of 5500 hp. Turbines moved directly without reduction gear, two shafts with a diameter of bolts trójłopatowymi 1.70 m in the next two periods were four-tube type boilers Yarrow, whose total area was 750 sq ogrzewalna. Two boilers were oil, and another two coal. The maximum carbon stock was 55 tons. According to the contract she had achieved 29.5 knots. After the incorporation of the service's top speed was 29 knots. After the acquisition by PMW torpedo boat reached speeds of 20 knots. Range swim at a speed of 17 knots was economical 1400 miles of sea, and for a maximum speed of 640 miles offshore. The crew of the German service consisted of 60 people, including three officers, 57 petty officers and sailors. In Poland, according to the Official Orders MSWojsk No. 1 dated 18 January 1921 years time crew torpedo V was 5 officers and 74 petty officers and men, including one lieutenant, five sergeants, 11 plutonium, 13 corporals, 20 seamen, 24 sailors
ORP Conrad - Polish light cruiser ORP received after losing Dragon, then and then British HMS "Danae" type D.
The keel for the first of a new type of cruiser Danae placed December 1, 1916 in Armstrong Whitworth yard in Walker-on-Tyne, was launched on the 26 January 1918 year. It was - at the end of the First World War - one of the fastest cruisers in the world. Powered by two steam turbines Brown-Curtis with a capacity of 39 500 km, can reach the speed of 29 century tanks with a capacity of 1060 tons of diesel fuel allowed to travel 1,480 nm at a speed of 29 century and 6700 nm at 10 in. She was armored on the sides and the command post steel sheets with a thickness of 76 mm, fuel tanks and ammunition compartments 57 mm, and 25 mm main deck.
