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Design A-140F6 aka Yamato as Comissioned: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-class-Battleship-Final-Design-A-140F6-755938381 The largest battleships ever to float the world oceans, the 65.000ton, 263m long 460mm armed warships: IJN Yamato and IJN Musashi. This drawing shows the final design as the two ships were commissioned and as originally planned how all 5 ships should had looked like. Though Musashi commissioned with a slightly lighter light AA armament, Shinano was redesigned to a different protection scheme and AA armament and later finished as an aircraft carrier of massive size, not surprised until the 1950's by the Forrestal class Super carriers! These battleships were well protected exceptionally armed large vessels, the jewels and prides of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed for the doctrine of Peace Goddesses where these large ships though numerically inferior but firepower and armour wise superior to anything the allies especially the USN could build, and their own existence would prevent an eruption of a naval war! Sadly neither ships could showcase it's abilities against other battleships as both sunk by immense amount of airpower. But their legacy as the largest battleships ever constructed still lives, their size, beauty and raw firepower still catches the eyes of naval enthusiasts today! They are my favourite class of battleships too! Design wise the change from the previous F5 design was the implementation of a full steam turbine drive and increasing it's output to 150.000shp from 135.000shp. 3m longer hull and the minor details the engineers ironed out. The Hull numbers for the 5 vessels were: No.1 - Yamato No.2 - Musashi No.110 - Shinano No.111 - (some sources and websites states IJN Kii) No. 797 Side note: My ideas for names for the never built 2 last sister ships (no.111 and 797): IJN Hizen and IJN Iki The final design had the following characteristics:Dimensions: 244 (pp) 256 (wl) 263 (oa) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 65.000tons (standard), 72.800tons (full load)Armour: 200mm Deck, 410mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 30.000m) inclined at 20 degreesEngines: 150.000shp, 4 shafts, Steam TurbinesSpeed: 50km/h (27knots)Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots)Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons,4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns8x3 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 2x2 13mm/76 Type 93 AA Guns7x Seaplanes (Aichi E13A Jake and Mitsubishi F1M Pete planes) Yamato as Sunk in 1945: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-class-Battleship-Final-Form-1945-756103504 By the end of the war, all Japanese warships received a significant number of AA upgrade both in terms of heavy AA ad light AA mostly 25mm triple and twin guns. Yamato and Musashi both were not out of the excpetion, probably these two were the most heavy outfitted vessels in the Imperial Japanese Navy. Though Musashi's AA outfit was not finished before her sunk Battle of the Sibuyan Sea 1944.10.24 part of the engagement commonly known as The Battle of Leyte Gulf.Yamato received her extra 127mm guns in march, 1944 while Musashi would had received theirs in April if there would had been enough guns. Yamato received most of her final 25mm AA suit this time but a small amount was added later in July that year and finally at the end of the year in November Yamato got her final set.During the March-April refit both ships received radar sets of Type 13 and Type 21 air search and Type 22 surface search ones. During this time their wing mounted triple 155mm gun turrets were removed to install the extra AA guns in their place.The final form had the following characteristics:Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons,2x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns12x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns50x3,2x1 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 2x2 13mm/76 Type 93 AA Guns7x Seaplanes (Aichi E13A Jake and Mitsubishi F1M Pete planes) Sensors:Type 13 air search radar antennaes (two set, both sides on the mainmast)Type 21 air search radars (two set, on each arms of the main range finder fixed non rotating)Type 22 surface search radars (two set one on each side of the bridge structure rotating ones) Yamato as would had been upgunned after a proposed refit: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-class-Battleship-Upgun-Proposal-756260198 Or as I tend to call this design: Yamato-Kai. Even when the official design work began leading to the Yamato class battleships, the idea was risen to build the next generation of battleships in way that their main turrets could be replaced with and even larger calibre cannon the 51cm or 508mm cannon to maintain the gun supremacy over the United States Navy as part of the Peace Goddesses doctrine.As the table shows:https://imgur.com/a/3sNwi4HThe admiralty calculated that by the time the USN adopts the 18" cannons for their battleships the IJN already begun upgrading it's new battleships with and even larger 20" calibre weapon and start building it's new battleships which were designed from the start to carry these enormous weapons and thus maintain the supremacy in gun calibre even if numerically inferior forces they had to wield!This led to the project of up-gunning the Yamato class battleships in the mid 40's and led to the famous A-150 or "Super Yamato" type battleship design of which very limited information are available due to most of the documents were destroyed during or by the end of the war.None the less I draw my idea of the up-gunned Yamatos, as shown here but taken the liberty and included the weapon and radar developments of Japan and put the Japanese copy 40mm Bofors guns in place of the now obsolete 25mm triple ones as well as large amounts of radars and radar operated directors and range finding equipment!This design had the following characteristics:Dimensions: 244 (pp) 256 (wl) 263 (oa) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 65.000tons (standard), 72.800tons (full load)Armour: 200mm Deck, 410mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.0000 and 30.000m) inclined at 20 degreesEngines: 150.000shp, 4 shafts, Steam TurbinesSpeed: 50km/h (27knots)Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots)Armaments: 3x2 51cm/45 Type 98 Cannons,2x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns12x2 10cm/65 Type 98 DP-AA guns50x2 40mm/60 Type 5 AA Guns7x Seaplanes (Aichi E16A Paul and Mitsubishi F1M Pete planes) Sensors: Type 14 Air search radar (one set on top of the aft secondary rangefinder) Type 21 Air search radars (four sets, one on each High angle range finder tower) Type 22 Surface search radars (two sets, one on each side of the mainmast) Type 23 Gunnery Control / air search radars (Modified sets of 16, one on each machine gun director) Type 24 Air search / gunnery control radars (two sets, one on each arms of the main rangefinder) Type 32 Surface search radars (two sets, one on each side of the bridge superstructure in place of the 13mm AA MGs) Type 42 Searchlight control / gun laying radars (two sets, one on each side of the funnel between the Searchlight platforms) More info on the used radars can be found here: http://www.combinedfleet.com/radar.htm http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/R/a/Radar.htm http://home.e01.itscom.net/ikasas/index.htm http://home.e01.itscom.net/ikasas/catalog/catalog.htm http://www.yokohamaradiomuseum.com/radar.html http://www17.big.or.jp/~father/aab/kikirui/navy_radar.html#list Musashi subclass as designed: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-class-Battleship-Shinano-subclass-756423211 By the time Shinano (Hull number 110) was under construction and her sister ships Hull number 111 in 1940/41 plans were drawn up to finish them to a modified design because tests shown that the armour protection of the original Yamatos were better then expected and thus by reducing the thickness protection of other vital areas like directors, gunnery positions secondary guns barbettes and the the triple bottom could be increased.The changes as follows (Yamato's in bracklets)Main belt: 400mm (410)Flat deck: 190mm (200)Main turrets faces: 630mm (650)Main turrets sides: 230mm (250)Main turrets roofs: 250mm (270)Main turrets rears: 170mm (190)Barbettes: 526mm (546)In the end the displacement would not change as the saved up armour was used elsewhere. Other changes include replacement of the 12,7cm Type 89 DP-AA guns with the newer 10cm Type 98 ones which had much better ballistic properties and a better AA weapon overall.Shinano was laid down in 1940.05.04 while Hull number 111 in 1940.11.07Shinano was often associated with the carrier as she was finished, so like many others before me and probably after me myself too decided to use her green camouflage colours for her hull making her distinct from the other Yamato class battleshipsThe design had the following characteristics:Dimensions: 244 (pp) 256 (wl) 263 (oa) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 65.000tons (standard), 72.800tons (full load)Armour: 190mm Deck, 400mm Belt inclined at 20 degreesEngines: 150.000shp, 4 shafts, Steam TurbinesSpeed: 50km/h (27knots)Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots)Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons,4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns6x2 10cm/65 Type 98 DP-AA guns14x3 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 2x2 13mm/76 Type 93 AA Guns 7x Seaplanes (Aichi E13A Jake and Mitsubishi F1M Pete planes) The colour scheme is based on these: http://gmmk11.tistory.com/1934?category=39298 http://gmmk11.tistory.com/category/finished work No.797 sublcass as designed: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-class-Battleship-No-797-subclass-756577820 Similar to the Shinano subclass of the mighty Yamato class battleships, the 5th vessel was to be further modified based on the Shinano subtype with a further enhanced AA capabilities of no wing mounted 15,5cm gun turrets but more light AA and 10cm heavy AA guns. Yamato (and Musashi if not had been sunk) modified similar to this layout.Sidenote: I've used the darker colour scheme of the Musashi to distinguish this variant from the others.The design had the following characteristics:Dimensions: 244 (pp) 256 (wl) 263 (oa) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 65.000tons (standard), 72.800tons (full load)Armour: 190mm Deck, 400mm Belt inclined at 20 degreesEngines: 150.000shp, 4 shafts, Steam TurbinesSpeed: 50km/h (27knots)Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots)Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons,2x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns12x2 10cm/65 Type 98 DP-AA guns32x3 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 2x2 13mm/76 Type 93 AA Guns7x Seaplanes (Aichi E16A Paul and Mitsubishi F1M Pete planes) Sensors:Type 13 air search radar antennaes (two set, both sides on the mainmast)Type 21 air search radars (two set, on each arms of the main range finder fixed non rotating)Type 22 surface search radars (two set one on each side of the bridge structure rotating ones)

Yamato Preliminary Design A-140K: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140K-749446900 The K versions of the Yamato preliminaries was a somewhat more extreme approach to weight saving. Indeed the K variants were the smallest versions among the multitude of designs leading to the final Yamato class but this came at a price, a price of protection. All the K variants feature 8x 46cm cannons in 2 triple and 1 twin turrets small size and reduced armour which was designed to protect against 41cm shells instead of the previous designs where they were protected against their own shells. Basically the K feature the same firepower as the A2 and B2 variants, but the protection scheme of the J versions with K being the slowest of them all, while maintaining a displacement of a mere 50.000tons! Because the hull was so small I departed from the hanger / ramp approach of the previous designs and adopted a more Yamato-ish aft section with a hanger opening to a loading space where the crane could lift the aircrafts up to the catapults ad aircraft deck. This saved precious space for the superstructure and main weaponry which took most of the upper deck space. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 221 (wl) x 36 x 10,3m Displacement: 50.060tons (standard) Armour: 155mm Deck, 380mm Belt (Immunity against 41cm shells between 18.000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 80.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (40.000shp) and Diesel engines (40.000shp) Speed: 44km/h (24knots) Range: 12.200km at 30km/h (6.600nm at 16knots) Armaments: 2x3,1x2 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 3x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140K1: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140K1-751255857 On K1 variant the same weight saving measures were taken, so 8 guns instead of 9, 3 triple 155mm secondary gun turrets and armour protection against only 41cm shells. But in K1 the speed was increased to 48km/h (or 26knots) which resulted in a larger and heavier hull. Both the engine power and the hull length was increased to achieve the desired speed. Because the hull was so small I departed from the hanger / ramp approach of the previous designs and adopted a more Yamato-ish aft section with a hanger opening to a loading space where the crane could lift the aircrafts up to the catapults ad aircraft deck. This saved precious space for the superstructure and main weaponry which took most of the upper deck space. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 235 (wl) x 37 x 10,3m Displacement: 51.900tons (standard) Armour: 155mm Deck, 380mm Belt (Immunity against 41cm shells between 18.000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 95.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (50.000shp) and Diesel engines (45.000shp) Speed: 48km/h (26knots) Range: 12.200km at 30km/h (6.600nm at 16knots) Armaments: 2x3,1x2 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 3x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140K2: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140K2-751481076 Similarly to K and K1, K2 was a further lengthened version because most likely the designers realised that 220meters was rather too short for a battleship armed with 8x 46cm cannons! the extra length also allowed more space for the engines increasing it to 130.000shp and speed to 52km/h (or 28knots) resulting in a much faster and better design, but still feature the reduced belt thickness of around 380mm, but this extra speed and larger hull meant the heaviest of the K variants of 53.900tons, barely smaller than the A-140J2 version with it's 3 tripe 41cm cannons Because the hull was so small I departed from the hanger / ramp approach of the previous designs and adopted a more Yamato-ish aft section with a hanger opening to a loading space where the crane could lift the aircrafts up to the catapults ad aircraft deck. This saved precious space for the superstructure and main weaponry which took most of the upper deck space. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 246 (wl) x 37 x 10,3m Displacement: 53.900tons (standard) Armour: 155mm Deck, 380mm Belt (Immunity against 41cm shells between 18.000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 95.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (65.000shp) and Diesel engines (65.000shp) Speed: 52km/h (28knots) Range: 12.200km at 30km/h (6.600nm at 16knots) Armaments: 2x3,1x2 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 3x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140K3: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140K3-751636685 K3 was the known final K variant of the Yamato preliminaries, a more streamlined version of K1 with elements taken from K2 and a slightly increased engine power together with a hull length increase, otherwise the same as the other K versions. Because the hull was so small I departed from the hanger / ramp approach of the previous designs and adopted a more Yamato-ish aft section with a hanger opening to a loading space where the crane could lift the aircrafts up to the catapults ad aircraft deck. This saved precious space for the superstructure and main weaponry which took most of the upper deck space. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 237 (wl) x 37 x 10,3m Displacement: 53.600tons (standard) Armour: 155mm Deck, 380mm Belt (Immunity against 41cm shells between 18.000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 100.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (50.000shp) and Diesel engines (50.000shp) Speed: 48km/h (26knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 2x3,1x2 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 3x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes)

Yamato Preliminary Design A-140J0: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140J0-748186407 Together with the I and the various G variants, the J proposals too were part of Keiji Fukuda's experimental design series. While the others featured 46cm main weaponry and armour against such calibre the J variants were the only ones featuring 41cm cannons and armour belt against this weaponry, despite the admiralty requirements for 46cm armed battleship designs. The J versions starting with J0 feature 3 triple 41cm cannons in a similar sized hull and layout found in version G1-A. The J series will culminate in the ultimate 41cm-armed version of 4 triple turrets aka the Yamato-Montana. Because of a smaller armament and thinner armour the displacement of the ships could be drastically reduced by 10.000tons considerably reducing the cost of each ship and the burden on the arms industry! The design features the common elements of all previous proposals: Combined Steam and Diesel propulsion, hanger aft for 6 floatplanes and a ramp to transport said planes to the aircraft handling area, 2 catapults. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 242 (wl) x 36,2 x 10,1m Displacement: 52.000tons (standard) Armour: 155mm Deck, 380mm Belt (Immunity against own 41cm shells between 18.000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 120.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (60.000shp) and Diesel engines (60.000shp) Speed: 51km/h (27,5knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 3x3 41cm/50 Type 90 Cannons, 3x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140J1: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140J1-748498258 Continuing the 41cm armed versions of the Yamato class battleships preliminary designs, the J1 was a slight modification of the previous J0 design. To increase speed by half a knot from 27,5 to 28, the designers lengthened the hull by 2 meters and increased the propulsion power by 10.000shp which resulted in an increase of displacement of only 1000tons from 52.000 to 53.000tons otherwise it was the same design as A-140J0 The design features the common elements of all previous proposals: Combined Steam and Diesel propulsion, hanger aft for 6 floatplanes and a ramp to transport said planes to the aircraft handling area, 2 catapults. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 242 (wl) x 36,6 x 10,1m Displacement: 53.000tons (standard) Armour: 155mm Deck, 380mm Belt (Immunity against own 41cm shells between 18.000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 130.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (65.000shp) and Diesel engines (65.000shp) Speed: 52km/h (28knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 3x3 41cm/50 Type 90 Cannons, 3x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140J2: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140J2-748771917 Continuing the 41cm armed versions of the Yamato class battleships preliminary designs, the J2 similarly to J1 and J0 was a light modification of the previous designs. On this design the same layout was maintained and like in J1 the hull length was further increased by 11 meters to 255meters waterline and beam by 1,9 meters to 38,5 meters. Together with an increase of power plant by a mere 5,000shp to 135.000shp, the maximum speed could further be increased to 54km/h or 29knots with only a slight 1030tons increment in displacement. Otherwise the design is the same as the previous J0 or J1. The design features the common elements of all previous proposals: Combined Steam and Diesel propulsion, hanger aft for 6 floatplanes and a ramp to transport said planes to the aircraft handling area, 2 catapults. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 255 (wl) x 38,5 x 10,2m Displacement: 54.030tons (standard) Armour: 155mm Deck, 380mm Belt (Immunity against own 41cm shells between 18.000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 135.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (70.000shp) and Diesel engines (65.000shp) Speed: 54km/h (29knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 3x3 41cm/50 Type 90 Cannons, 3x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140J3: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140J3-755327434 Finalising the 41cm armed versions of the Yamato class battleships preliminary designs, the J3 was the ultimate evolution of this design line, featuring 4 triple 41cm turrets evenly spread forward and aft in a similar manner to the later USN's Montana class battleships. The hull was the same as the later F5 version so very close to the final Yamato dimensions. Secondary turrets concentrated aft showing a more defensive oriented thinking as attacking cruisers and destroyers most likely need to chase down the ship and for such engagements aft firing turrets are optimal. This is one of the most liked preliminary designs after the plain A-140, because it's similarities with the Montana class! Note: On this design I've used a more Yamato oriented superstructure, though still retaining the previous higher pagoda style bridge. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 252 (wl) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 58.400tons (standard) Armour: 165mm Deck, 380mm Belt (Immunity against own 41cm shells between 20.000 and 30.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 135.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (70.000shp) and Diesel engines (65.000shp) Speed: 52km/h (28knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 4x3 41cm/50 Type 90 Cannons, 3x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Data table showing the various variants: http://mltr.ganriki.net/faq08p14e22b25.html

Yamato Preliminary Design A-140I: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140I-747807747 I variant was the only proposal to feature 10 46cm cannons which was arranged in an inverted Conte di Cavour or Andrea Doria style meaning the triples superfiring over the twins. While this layout meant the heavier turrets located on a higher position making the ship top heavy or rising it's metacentric height, the large and wide hull counteracted such issues. This arrangement's other positive aspect was the effect on citadel armour tonnage which could be reduced due to it's shape, as the wider turrets located closer to the centre of the ship and the narrower turrets close to the ends better following the hull's shape. Among the admirals and prominent designers, Yuzuru Hiraga favoured this design due to the arrangement of the main guns and it's superior fighting qualities and ranging shot abilities. Sidenote: Sources differ about the secondary 155mm battery: Some states 4 twin, others 2 quad while others 2 triple. I've choose the triple ones as it is consistent with the previous designs The design features the common elements of all previous proposals: Combined Steam and Diesel propulsion, hanger aft for 6 floatplanes and a ramp to transport said planes to the aircraft handling area, 2 catapults. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 254 (pp), 268 (wl) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 65.050tons (standard) Armour: 180mm Deck, 400mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 143.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (63.000shp) and Diesel engines (70.000shp) Speed: 52km/h (28knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 2x3,2x2 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 2x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 8x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Data table showing the various variants: https://i.imgur.com/zsBKwfN.jpg https://i.imgur.com/M8fORsd.jpg http://mltr.ganriki.net/faq08p14e22b25.html From the Hiraga archive: https://i.imgur.com/YTkYRIi.jpg

Yamato Preliminary Design A-140G: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140G-747367375 With the G series of designs start a line of the Yamato design process which was considered experimental studies or proposals from the creator Keiji Fukuda. These proposals show a variety of designs (G, G0 through G5) with various sizes to save weight, with reduced armour or gun number and gun layouts. These were the results of meeting held on the 10th of March 1935 when the the characteristics of the future designs were set, also the full diesel drive was dismissed due to not enough speed it could provide. Furthermore propulsion wise the COSAD or combined Steam and Diesel drive was accepted and the ratio of them was set to 1:1 or close to 1:1 The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 273 (wl) x 37,3 x 10,4m Displacement: 65.583tons (standard) Armour: 200mm Deck, 410mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 30.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 140.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (70.000shp) and Diesel engines (70.000shp) Speed: 52km/h (28knots) Range: 14.800km at 33km/h (8.000nm at 18knots) Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140G1-A: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140G1-A-747371079 Like on the previous design, this was too an experimental proposal. Apart from the visual change of different turret layout front (3rd turret facing aft), on this variant the reduced engine power of only 115.000shp and shorter but beamer hull meant a slow battleship and together with a reduced armour created a design which was 4.000tons lighter! This meant a cheaper ship but it could still maintain the same amount of firepower and almost equivalent defensive properties of the series starter A-140G proposal. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 236 (pp), 245,5 (wl) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 61.600tons (standard) Armour: 180mm Deck, 400mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 115.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (60.000shp) and Diesel engines (55.000shp) Speed: 48km/h (26knots) Range: 14.800km at 33km/h (8.000nm at 18knots) Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140G1-B: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140G1-B-751791332 This variant was a modification of the previous G1-A variant, but shows the influence of weight reduction introduced in the K versions, namely the 8 guns in 2 triple and 1 twin turrets but armour scheme is the same aka protection against it's own 46cm shells. Speed is of course remained the same at 48km/h The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 244 (wl) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 59.500tons (standard) Armour: 180mm Deck, 400mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 110.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (55.000shp) and Diesel engines (55.000shp) Speed: 48km/h (26knots) Range: 12.200km at 30km/h (6.600nm at 16knots) Armaments: 2x3,1x2 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140G1-C: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140G1-C-751956843 Compared to the previous B version, variant C sacrificed a triple 155mm gun turret aft for an extra 1100km or 600nm range. Though to maintain the same speed without increasing the engine power of the design, 1m extra length was added which together with the more fuel oil increased the design's displacement to 60.000tons. Other then these changes the design is the same as the previous A-140G1-B. But to not to look too similar the two proposals, I've changed the heavy AA arrangement to 2 centreline and 2-2 broadside ones. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 245 (wl) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 60.000tons (standard) Armour: 180mm Deck, 400mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 110.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (55.000shp) and Diesel engines (55.000shp) Speed: 48km/h (26knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 2x3,1x2 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 3x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140G1-D: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140G1-D-752230653 The D variant is the last known sub variant of the G1 series of Yamato preliminaries with the only changes of a longer hull and stronger engine to further increase the speed, now from 26 to 27knots or 50km/h. Otherwise the same as the previous sub variants. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 249 (wl) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 60.950tons (standard) Armour: 180mm Deck, 400mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 130.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (65.000shp) and Diesel engines (65.000shp) Speed: 50km/h (27knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 2x3,1x2 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 3x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140G0-A: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140G0-A-752383975 The A-140G0-A was not the last but among the largest proposals of the "G" variants, a faster 52km/h or 28knot design basically a modified G1-A with a different hull and aft facing 3rd main turret and slightly stronger engines, but otherwise very similar to the A-140G with the same armour protection. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 268 (wl) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 65.450tons (standard) Armour: 200mm Deck, 410mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 30.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 145.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (75.000shp) and Diesel engines (70.000shp) Speed: 52km/h (28knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140G2-A: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140G2-A-754191706 Among the G series and among all the Yamato preliminaries A-140G2-A was the last proposal to feature an all forward modified Nelson style main gun arrangement. Similar tower like superstructure but partly Yamato-ish in style and angled funnel. Otherwise no significant changes from the earlier designs only it is 6m shorter than the previous G0-A proposal. Note: This is the first version where I decided to use the final Yamato hull form and style. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 249 (pp), 262 (wl) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 63.450tons (standard) Armour: 180mm Deck, 400mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 37.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 143.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (73.000shp) and Diesel engines (70.000shp) Speed: 52km/h (28knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes)

Yamato Preliminary Design A-140F: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140F-753478207 With the F series starts the final variants leading to Yamato class battleships, these designs were very similar, all feature the 3 turret evenly spread layout of 2 forward 1 aft finalyl chosen for the Yamatos, though this design was the only one feature 8 guns instead of 9. Though not the smallest in the F series, this design was the lightest among them with only 60.350tons displacement. Sidenote: This is the last design for which I've choose the mixed Yamato-A-140 hull, the follow on designs all will feature the Yamato's hull. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 249 (wl) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 65.450tons (standard) Armour: 180mm Deck, 400mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.0000 and 27.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 130.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (65.000shp) and Diesel engines (65.000shp) Speed: 50km/h (27knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 2x3,1x2 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140F3: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140F3-755472379 After a meeting in 1935 august the F version was chosen to be developed further leading to the F3 design (the data for F1 and F2 was lost) and with this main characteristics of the Yamato class battleships were founded: 3 triple 46cm turrets: 2 forward 1 aft, rhomboid position of the secondary turrets aka 2 on the centreline superfiring the main turrets and 1 wing turrets on each side, above them were the main heavy 127mm AA gun turrets on the sides. Characteristically this is a shorter Yamato with shortest operational range among the preliminary designs with only 9.100km or 4.900nm which allowed a few thousand tones to be cut down! Sidenote: Essentially this is a 10m shorter Yamato where I choose to put the tower like pagoda superstructure from the previous designs but most parts of the hull is now very close to the final Yamato design The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 246 (wl) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 58.703tons (standard) Armour: 200mm Deck, 410mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 30.000m) inclined to 20 degrees Engines: 135.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (70.000shp) and Diesel engines (65.000shp) Speed: 50km/h (27knots) Range: 9.100km at 30km/h (4.900nm at 16knots) Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140F4: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140F4-755625541 While the F3 variant was a short ranged design with only 9.000km (or 4.900nm) range the F4 was an improved 2m longer version with a much better range of 13.000km (or 7.200nm) which stayed till the final design. But this extra 2 meters and larger bunkerage made the design almost 500tons heavier while otherwise it remained the same as the F3. Apparently F3 and F4 were twin designs both proposed at the same date, most likely F3 was to show how much tonnage and length could be saved if operational ranged was reduced by a 3rd. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 248 (wl) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 59.195tons (standard) Armour: 200mm Deck, 410mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 30.000m) inclined at 20 degrees Engines: 135.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (70.000shp) and Diesel engines (65.000shp) Speed: 50km/h (27knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 12x2 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 6x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E10A Hank planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140F5: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-Preliminary-Design-A-140F5-755770082 After the F4 version a longer period of time elapsed in which the admiralty evaluated the various proposals made in 1935 and in the end the choose that the F3/F4 version was to be developed further thus creating the F5 variant in the summer of 1936. This meant that the final Yamato class battleships had to have 3 triple 46cm turrets 2 forward 1 aft, 4 triple 15,5cm secondary turrets, 6 twin 12,7cm DP-AA turrets and an armour protection against their own shells between 20 and 30km range. Streamlining the F3 and F4 versions and fixing the issues with those designs (short range, and ineffective hull to beam ratio) created the semi-final Yamato design. Everything except for length, displacement and engine power / engine types, this design was essentially the Yamato class battleships one on one. Main, secondary and AA Armament, their layout, armour, and speed were all the same. Engines were still the mixed Steam Turbines and Diesel engines, which was later changed to an all turbine arrangement because the issues of servicing and replacing the diesel engines behind the thick deck armour plates and of which were considered not entirely reliable compared to the steam turbines. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 253 (wl) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 63.315tons (standard) Armour: 200mm Deck, 410mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 30.000m) inclined at 20 degrees Engines: 135.000shp, 4 shafts, Combined Steam Turbines (70.000shp) and Diesel engines (65.000shp) Speed: 50km/h (27knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 8x3 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 7x Seaplanes (I choose Nakajima E8N Dave and Aichi E13A Jake planes) Yamato Preliminary Design A-140F6: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Yamato-class-Battleship-Final-Design-A-140F6-755938381 The largest battleships ever to float the world oceans, the 65.000ton, 263m long 460mm armed warships: IJN Yamato and IJN Musashi. This drawing shows the final design as the two ships were commissioned and as originally planned how all 5 ships should had looked like. Though Musashi commissioned with a slightly lighter light AA armament, Shinano was redesigned to a different protection scheme and AA armament and later finished as an aircraft carrier of massive size, not surprised until the 1950's by the Forrestal class Super carriers! These battleships were well protected exceptionally armed large vessels, the jewels and prides of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed for the doctrine of Peace Goddesses where these large ships though numerically inferior but firepower and armour wise superior to anything the allies especially the USN could build, and their own existence would prevent an eruption of a naval war! Sadly neither ships could showcase it's abilities against other battleships as both sunk by immense amount of airpower. But their legacy as the largest battleships ever constructed still lives, their size, beauty and raw firepower still catches the eyes of naval enthusiasts today! They are my favourite class of battleships too! Design wise the change from the previous F5 design was the implementation of a full steam turbine drive and increasing it's output to 150.000shp from 135.000shp. 3m longer hull and the minor details the engineers ironed out. The Hull numbers for the 5 vessels were: No.1 - Yamato No.2 - Musashi No.110 - Shinano No.111 - (some sources and websites states IJN Kii) No. 797 Side note: My ideas for names for the never built 2 last sister ships (no.111 and 797): IJN Hizen and IJN Iki The final design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 244 (pp) 256 (wl) 263 (oa) x 38,9 x 10,4m Displacement: 65.000tons (standard), 72.800tons (full load) Armour: 200mm Deck, 410mm Belt (Immunity against own 46cm shells between 20.000 and 30.000m) inclined at 20 degrees Engines: 150.000shp, 4 shafts, Steam Turbines Speed: 50km/h (27knots) Range: 13.300km at 30km/h (7.200nm at 16knots) Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 8x3 25mm/60 Type 96 AA Guns 2x2 13mm/76 Type 93 AA Guns 7x Seaplanes (Aichi E13A Jake and Mitsubishi F1M Pete planes)

The Streamlined Battleships aka the battleships of the future! These ships are appeared in the popular magazines: "Popular Science" and "Popular Mechanics" both are available in Great Britain and USA While surely not considered by any navy especially the conservative USN or the Treaty abiding RN these proposals by artists are none the less show us interesting and in a way beautiful looking warships, with some drawings even shows interior arrangements! British design from 1940: Displacement: 70.000tons Engines: 252.000shp 6 shafts 2x4,2x3,2x2 356mm cannons (14inch) 12x2 133mm DP-AA Guns (5,25inch) 8x2 120mm DP-AA Guns (4,7inch) 3x8,4x4 40mm Pom-Pom AA Guns Otto Kuhler, American design (Whaleback Battleship): 3x3 cannons of unknown calibre 17x1 AA guns of unknown calibre Unknown design (Probably American): 4x4 or 3x4 cannons of unknown calibre 10x2 AA guns of unknown calibre Design 1942 from Detroit by George W. Walker: 5x3 cannons of unknown calibre

A friend of mine asked me some time ago to draw these pre-designs the first variants of Battleship studies leading to the North Carolina class Battleships. You can see here are Schemes A,B,C,D,F and H. Scheme A: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/North-Carolina-Preliminary-Scheme-A-1934-35-727354078 This is the first on the list leading to that class featuring a modified Nelson style all forward armament but with all superfiring turrets where all turrets could fire forward at a minimum angle of 4,5-5 degrees with a calibre of 14"/50 Mark B / Mark 13 Cannons. Secondary armament are considered the standard 5"/38 Mark 12 but in triple turrets, engine room arrangement also out of ordinary as all the boiler rooms located at the aft behind the turbine rooms, and on the extreme aft two seaplane catapult on a superfiring arrangement. The bridge is reminiscent of the British Nelsons. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 216,41 wl x 31,09 x 8,7m Displacement: 32.450tons (standard), 35.615 (maximum) Armour: 114mm Deck, 292mm Belt Engines: 160.000shp 4 shafts Speed: 56km/h (30knots) Armaments: 3x3 14"/50 (351mm) Cannons 4x3 5"/38 (127mm) DP-AA Guns 4x4 1,1"/75 (28mm) 2-4x Seaplanes (I've choose Vought O5U) Scheme B: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/North-Carolina-Preliminary-Scheme-B-1934-35-733562484 This Scheme shows a more conservative approach regarding the arrangement of the main turrets with superfiring pairs of tripel turrets forward and aft but still using the triple 5" turrets as DP-AA guns. Both deck and belt armour increased and together with the addition of a 4th turret meant a considerable increase in displacement and thus the design became very "tight" for the proposed 35.600ton limit of the 2nd London Naval Treaty. Engine arrangement was similar to Scheme A grouping the boilers aft of the turbines. The primary and secondary superstructure design remand unchanged. Aircraft facilities were also the more accepted conservative arrangement on the aft sides or fantail. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 216,41 wl x 32 x 9,95m Displacement: 36.800tons (standard), 39.730 (maximum) Armour: 133mm Deck, 337mm Belt Engines: 180.000shp 4 shafts Speed: 56km/h (30,5knots) Armaments: 4x3 14"/50 (351mm) Cannons 6x3 5"/38 (127mm) DP-AA Guns 4x4 1,1"/75 (28mm) 2-4x Seaplanes (I've choose Vought O5U) Scheme C: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/North-Carolina-Preliminary-Scheme-C-1934-35-733655704 This scheme is the same as the previous B, the same hull and layout with the visual difference of the usage of larger calibre main weaponry. Design wise the engine compartment is different having alternating turbine and boiler rooms: 1st boiler room was under the secondary superstructure, with the 2nd under the 2nd funnel while the turbines were under the main superstructure and 1st funnel The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 216,41 wl x 32,31 x 9,27m Displacement: 36.500tons (standard), 39.430 (maximum) Armour: 133mm Deck, 337mm Belt Engines: 180.000shp 4 shafts Speed: 56km/h (30,5knots) Armaments: 4x2 16"/50 (406mm) Cannons 6x3 5"/38 (127mm) DP-AA Guns 4x4 1,1"/75 (28mm) 2-4x Seaplanes (I've choose Vought O5U) Scheme D: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/North-Carolina-Preliminary-Scheme-D-1934-35-733904763 Using the same guns as in Scheme C but in triple turrets all forward reminiscent of the British Nelson class with the usual aircraft facilities aft with the addition of a fully enclosed hanger for the seaplanes to protect them from the effects of weather. Engine arrangement is the same as Scheme A so all of the boiler rooms are located forward of the turbine rooms which were located at aft. Another not ordinary and in a way weird thing about this design was the concentration of the main rangefinders on the superstructure close to each other. This makes one of the main rangefidner redundant as only one could face aft and in case of battle damage, it is very likely that both could be taken out leaving the ship with the turret enclosed range finders. This design was the largest among the preliminary studies leading to the final North Carolina class battleships and shows what a well armed and armoured design should look like though this meant the displacement was well over the proposed treaty limits! The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 228,6 wl x 32,31 x 9,75m Displacement: 40.500tons (standard), 43.730 (maximum) Armour: 159mm Deck, 432mm Belt Engines: 185.000shp 4 shafts Speed: 56km/h (30,5knots) Armaments: 3x3 16"/50 (406mm) Cannons 6x3 5"/38 (127mm) DP-AA Guns 6x4 1,1"/75 (28mm) AA Guns 2-4x Seaplanes (I've choose Vought O5U) Scheme F: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/North-Carolina-Preliminary-Scheme-F-1934-35-734070924 Scheme F of the first part of the preliminary study series leading to the North Carolina class battleships was the most unique design in the group but I would say it was among the top 10 unique designs the USN design board presented for the general staff! It could be seen as a scouting and escort battleship which could use it's floatplanes or other type of aircraft (fighters, bombers) to help the fleet locate the enemy forces and make limited strike from afar but still able to provide gunnery support for the battlefleet by it's 8 14" cannons which were interestingly located all aft. This arrangement resulting a truly weird looking ship with a short armour belt! The forward section was entirely allocated for aircraft facilities, a hanger storing around 10 aircrafts with two cranes to load and unload them onto the catapults, rails or water or recover them. 3 Catapults were designed to launch the planes in wide arcs forward. Also this was the first design featuring the twin rather than triple 5"/38 DP-AA turrets. This design was preferred by the president Franklin Delano Roosevelt who also preferred the aviation and hybrid cruiser carriers of the 1930's. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 228,6 wl x 32,31 x 9,75m Displacement: 40.500tons (standard), 43.730 (maximum) Armour: 159mm Deck, 432mm Belt Engines: 160.000shp 4 shafts Speed: 56km/h (30knots) Armaments: 2x4 14"/50 (356mm) Cannons 6x2 5"/38 (127mm) DP-AA Guns 5x4 1,1"/75 (28mm) AA Guns 8-12x Seaplanes (I've choose Vought O5U) Scheme H: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/North-Carolina-Preliminary-Scheme-H-1934-35-734363743 This is basically a modified version of Scheme A but on a reduced scale. The hull was shortened as much as possible and the speed was reduced making this design a traditional slow battleship. The result was a rather bulky or "chubby" looking hull with the main turrets at the extreme forward part and only a single catapult aft. The tonnage gained by these sacrifices went into armour thickness, providing a very good protection for this proposal. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 182,27 wl x 32,46 x 9,34m Displacement: 32.500tons (standard), 34.750 (maximum) Armour: 133mm Deck, 381mm Belt Engines: 65.100shp, 2 shafts Speed: 43km/h (23knots) Armaments: 3x3 14"/50 (356mm) Cannons 6x2 5"/38 (127mm) DP-AA Guns 4x4 1,1"/75 (28mm) AA Guns 2-4x Seaplanes (I've choose Vought O5U) Originals can be found here: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/North-Carolina-Preliminary-Scheme-A-1934-35-727354078 https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/North-Carolina-Preliminary-Scheme-B-1934-35-733562484 https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/North-Carolina-Preliminary-Scheme-C-1934-35-733655704 https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/North-Carolina-Preliminary-Scheme-D-1934-35-733904763 https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/North-Carolina-Preliminary-Scheme-F-1934-35-734070924 https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/North-Carolina-Preliminary-Scheme-H-1934-35-734363743

Like how Ezaki Iwiakichi was the pupil of Kikuo Fujimoto, Keiji Fukuda was the protégée of Yuzuru Hiraga and hence many aspects of what Hiraga deemed necessary in a battleship appeared in Fukuda's designs as well. Like Ezaki, Fukuda too draw up designs of battleship with all diesel propulsion but he proposed at least 3 variants before chosen to work on the largest battleship of all time, the Yamato class battleships. These 3 variants are reminiscent of the Kongo regalement designs of Hiraga from 1928/29 regarding armament, size and displacement. A 28.000ton variant with 3 tripe 36cm cannons, a 35.000ton variant with 3 triple 41cm cannons and an 55.000ton variant with 3 triple 46cm cannons. All of these designs featured heavy armour and good secondary armaments for their size though not fast vessels. It seems Fukuda was better calculated the speed and engine power of these designs because while the largest design was 5.000tons heavier than Ezaki's slow variant the required engine power was 1/3rd less and the speed was 26knots as designed.As there were no drawings or sketches seem to survive the many decades only the data on the designs Fukuda prepared I have to think of a ship which somewhat resembles the Yamato preliminaries yet still different than of those and this is what I finally able to create. My Drawing based on the available information: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Keiji-Fukuda-s-55-000ton-Battleship-Design-741481336 The design had the following characteristics:Dimensions: 259 (wl) x 36 x 9,76m Displacement: 55.000tons (standard)Armour: 256mm/305mm Deck, 460/480mm Belt (or 456 / 483)Engines: 100.000shp, 4 shafts, Diesel enginesSpeed: 48km/h (26knots) Range: 18.500km at 33km/h (10.000nm at 18knots) Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 4x2 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 4x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns Unknown number of light AA guns, I've choose 8 triple 25mm/60 Type 96 AA guns 4x Seaplanes (I choose Kawanishi E7K Alf and Nakajima E8N Dave planes) Data Tables describing the design: https://imgur.com/V00Xjai http://ktymtskz.my.coocan.jp/J/JP/yamato/y101.jpg http://ktymtskz.my.coocan.jp/J/JP/yama4.htm

Ezaki Iwiakichi who was the pupil of Kikuo Fujimoto and who designed the Tone class light, later heavy cruisers proposed two battleship designs in mid 1934 after the Admiralty issued a requirement for a new set battleships. Ezaki was heavily influenced by Fujimoto and made two variants, one faster and one slower, both propelled by a diesel only engine of 140.000shp, forward concentration of main armament and a secondary and AA armament which was later chosen for the Yamato class Battleships. Though diesel engines provide excellent range for warships, they are not the best choice for high speed, thus to achieve the desired 57-61km/h (31-33knots) a long and sleek hull was required with 6 shafts to provide the necessary thrust. Though no sketch drawings seem to survive the past 80 years based on the available data as well as the various large gun proposals: two 45 calibre and two 50 calibre (one lighter and one heavier design each) 46cm cannons I've made this drawing using ideas from the Tone, Hiei and Yamato. Version A based on my ideas: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Ezaki-Iwakichi-Battleship-Design-A-739165052 The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 301,75 (wl) x 38,4 x 10,36m Displacement: 67.000tons (standard), 77.000tons full load Armour: Unknown probably around 200mm deck and 400mm Belt Engines: 140.000shp, 6 shafts, Diesel engines Speed: 61km/h (33knots) Range: 18.500km at 33km/h (10.000nm at 18knots) Armaments: 3x3 46cm/50 Type 94 Cannons, 4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 4x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns Unknown number of light AA guns, I've choose 6 twin 25mm/60 Type 96 AA guns Unknown number of Seaplanes (I choose Kawanishi E7K Alf and Nakajima E8N Dave planes) Version B: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Ezaki-Iwakichi-Battleship-Design-B-741026855 Like on the previous design this ship too feature an all forward main armament and the same secondary and AA armament, but due to the lack of historical drawings or sketches I have again had a free hand of designing the layout and everything on the ship, hence the choice of a complete Nelson layout with an alternative secondary and AA armament layout. The engine power and type is the same as on the previous design just the hull is shorter and slightly narrower with only 4 shafts producing a slower 52km or 28knots max speed on a stated 50.000tons displacement. I've also choose the shorter but actually used 45 calibre 46cm cannons rather the longer and heavier 50 calibre ones. In my opinion the displacement tonnages, maximum speeds and engine powers are only rough calculations as for the larger ship to achieve the desired speed a much larger engine of 260-300.000shp was required otherwise a 27-28knots speed could be only achieved. The design had the following characteristics: Dimensions: 289,56 (wl) x 38,1 x 9,75m Displacement: 50.000tons (standard), 60-70.000tons full load Armour: Unknown probably around 200mm deck and 400mm Belt Engines: 140.000shp, 4 shafts, Diesel engines Speed: 52km/h (28knots) Range: 18.500km at 33km/h (10.000nm at 18knots) Armaments: 3x3 46cm/45 Type 94 Cannons, 4x3 15,5cm/60 Type 90 Guns 4x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns Unknown number of light AA guns, I've choose 8 twin 25mm/60 Type 96 AA guns Unknown number of Seaplanes (I choose Kawanishi E7K Alf and Nakajima E8N Dave planes) Data Tables describing the designs: https://i.imgur.com/V00Xjai.jpg http://ktymtskz.my.coocan.jp/J/JP/yamato/y99.jpg http://ktymtskz.my.coocan.jp/J/JP/yama4.htm

That is only one half, this is the other: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Ersatz-Monarch-Preliminary-designs-IX-XVI-718468054

I've drawn this design a while ago: (With possible variants for Italy and an alternative Italian version) https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Ansaldo-Big-Gun-Cruiser-Design-for-Russia-725546481

At the time when multiple designs emerged as to what to replace the ageing Kongo class battlecruiser by the terms of WNT, the Admiralty of the Imperial Japanese Navy ordered a set of studies of what can be done on 50-65.000ton displacement and with maximum possible gun calibre and high speed. Hiraga Yuzuru, prominent naval architect of the time sketched up a battleship reminiscent of her Kongo replacement variants of 1928/29 with similar bridge and funnel arrangement, but with a Nelson style all forward arrangement of its 45cm main guns. To compensate with the added weight forward the secondary armament of 200mm guns in 3 triple turrets focused all aft. A tall towering superstructure would provide the necessary height for the range finding equipment and the heavily angled funnel would put the smoke far away from the command staff and equipment. Heavy AA guns were of the new type 12,7cm one, finishing development at that time. Propulsion system too would be unique as a mixed propulsion of Diesel and Steam Turbines to be used to propel the ship. The hull form is traditional or rather cruiser like with long sleek lines giving it a good length to beam ratio to further help achieving the desired speed.Though it is not perfect design, the catapult arrangement is awkward as the 1st catapult which is on top of the 2nd turret is located very high: 10.5m from the deck and 18m from the waterline! Further, giving concern the blast effects of the 45cm cannons on the catapults, though the turrets large and massive size would allow the installation of rotatable catapults rather than fixed ones.Overall this might be the very first idea and iteration of what eventually lead to the Yamato class battleships of 1936! https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Hiraga-Yuzuru-1929-Battleship-Design-737847371 The design had the following characteristics:Dimensions: 289,5 (wl) x 37,1 x 10,23m Displacement: 62.000tons (standard)Armour: 230mm Deck, 410mm BeltEngines: 200.000shp, 4 shafts, COSAD - Combined Steam and DieselSpeed: 59km/h (32knots) Range: 18.500km at 33km/h (10.000nm at 18knots) Armaments: 3x3 45cm/45 Type 90 Cannons, 3x3 20cm/50 Type 9 (9th Year Type, No.1) Guns 6x2 127mm/40 Type 89 DP-AA guns 2-4x Seaplanes (Nakajima E4N)Official sketch:https://www.makettinfo.hu/upload/200812/a140_img095.jpg

This is a drawing for a friend of mine who is very knowledgeable and very likes the USN warships. https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/Anti-Aircraft-Cruiser-Battleship-USS-Kentucky-735968026 Soon after the war a multitude of programs, ideas and plans were drawn up to how to finish the last two battleships of the Iowa class: the USS Illinois and the USS Kentucky of out of which Kentucky was in a more advanced state of construction. In 1945/46 Admiral King and Admiral Chester Nimitz proposed a modification for the Illinois improving it's AA capabilities by redesigning the placements of her 5"/38, 40mm and 20mm AA guns:https://i.imgur.com/mlIT13j.pnghttps://i.imgur.com/nJaH67A.pngLater in 1948 plans were drawn up to convert the Kentucky into an Anti-Aircraft Battleship with large amounts of 5"/54 and 3"/70 AA guns with the replacement of the 16" gun turrets with 2, 3 or 4 quadruple 8" RF gun turrets the same guns used on the Des Moines class heavy cruisers, essentially turning the ship into a battleship sized and armoured but cruiser armed vessel: Not heavy cruiser, not battleship and nether battlecruiser! Because of this I choose to name cruiser-Battleship the early designation of the Battlecruiser and similar armed designs of battleship size but armoured cruiser weaponry.The design became lighter than the original Iowa class battleships but that much lighter because part of the saved tonnage used for thickening the deck armour and the large number of gun turrets and their barbettes too were added quite the extra weight.By the documents system at least 8 projects (Schemes A through H) were proposed but drawings and data are only available about the last 3 with two, three and four quad turrets and a varying amount of 5"/54 and 3"/70 AA guns.I've chosen the 3 turreted Scheme G.The design had the following characteristics:Dimensions: 262,1 (wl) 270,4 (oa) x 33 x 10,6m Displacement: 45.000tons (standard), 52.000tons (full load)Armour: 208mm Deck, 310mm BeltEngines: 212.000shp, 4 shaftsSpeed: 60km/h (32,5knots) Range: 27.800km at 28km/h (15.000nm at 15knots) Armaments: 3x4 203mm/55 RF Mark 16 Guns, 16x2 127mm/54 Mark 16 DP-AA Guns, 6x2 76mm/70 Mark 23 AA Guns Original documents showing information on the design: Scheme F: https://imgur.com/y8O7M37 https://imgur.com/Ip70mAp Scheme G: https://imgur.com/RKAKvLp Scheme H: https://imgur.com/gAPTWQJ

(This is a rather old drawing of mine) One of the six cruiser designs Churchill proposed to fight the German Deutschlands. Two features 9,2inch guns (3x4 or 3x3) the rest were 8inch armed ones (one 4x3 the rest were 3x3) all were above 10.000tons standard, though not much (10.074 to 10.440tons) Later 8" gun cruisers were proposed for the 1940/41 programme. These tables might help: Sketch drawings:

Whose interested in a modern drawing of this proposal: https://www.deviantart.com/tzoli/art/OTO-Scout-Cruiser-713771429

I did not put any names for them. There was a now defunct naval forum where a fellow naval enthusiast posted texts from official Admiralty documents stating proposed names for these cruisers of the 8" type showing Admiral names. While the Churchill type 9,2" designs were Churchill's proposal to fight the Deutschlands. 4 names for these cruisers considered are: HMS Benbow, HMS Blake, HMS Effingham, HMS Hawke The papers are: ADM 138 624 'Armoured Cruiser Designs to Carry 8in or 9.2in Guns' (Held at NMM - National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London)

Fuso preliminary design A-55: A-57 will come soon (5x2 356mm Amagi/Kii layout)

Try to sort these out: :) 30cm/45 armed designs: A-6 Katori: 2x2 30cm/45, 4x1 25cm/45 1st class battleship design: 4x2 30cm/45 A-9 Satsuma: 2x2 30cm/45, 6x2 25cm/45 A-14 Aki: 2x2 30cm/45, 6x2 25cm/45 A-16: 2x2 30cm/45, 4x2 25cm/45 A-30 Kawachi: 2x2 30cm/50, 4x2 30cm/45 23.300ton design: 7x2 30cm/45 30cm/50 armed designs: A-30 (A-29?) Kawachi original design: 6x2 30cm/50 A-48: 6x2 30cm/50 A-51: 2x3,2x2 30cm/50 A-52: 4x3 30cm/50 A-53: 5x3 30cm/50 A-54-55: 6x2 30cm/50 A-56-57: 5x2 30cm/50 Kongo Replacement (20Kton Hiraga Variant B): 3x3 30cm/50 36cm/45 aremd designs: A-46-47: 6x2 36cm/45 A-49-50: 5x2 36cm/45 A-64 Fuso: 6x2 36cm/45 A-92 Ise: 6x2 36cm/45 36cm/50 armed designs: Kongo Replacement (20Kton Hiraga Variant A): 2x3 36cm/50 Kongo Replacement (25Kton Hiraga Variant B): 3x3 36cm/50 Kongo Replacement (25Kton Hiraga Variant C): 4x2 36cm/50 Kongo Replacement (30Kton Hiraga Variant D): 2x4,1x2 36cm/50 Kongo Replacement (30Kton Hiraga Variant E): 3x3 36cm/50 Keiji Fukoda 28.000ton Design: 3x3 36cm/50 41cm/45 armed designs: Fuso upgun proposal: 2x3,2x2 41cm/45 A-114 Nagato: 4x2 41cm/45 A-115-118: 4x2 41cm/45 A-119-124: 5x2 41cm/45 A-125 Mutsu redesign: 5x2 41cm/45 A-126-127: 5x2 41cm/45 A-127 Tosa: 5x2 41cm/45 Kii: 5x2 41cm/45 Design A (No.13 preliminary 5x2 41cm/45) Design B (No.13 preliminary 4x3 41cm/45) Design B (No.13 preliminary 2x3,2x2 41cm/45) Design D (No.13 preliminary 6x2 41cm/45) Design E (No.13 preliminary 3x4 41cm/45) Design F (No.13 preliminary 2x4,2x2 41cm/45) Design G (No.13 preliminary 2x4,3x2 41cm/45) Design H (No.13 preliminary 3x4,1x2 41cm/45) Design I (No.13 preliminary 4x4 41cm/45) Design X (Possible No.13 preliminary 2x3,2x2 41cm/45) Design Y (Possible No.13 preliminary 4x3 41cm/45) 41cm/50 armed designs Kongo Replacement (25Kton Hiraga Variant A): 2x2 41cm/50 Kongo Replacement (30Kton Hiraga Variant A): 2x4 41cm/50 Kongo Replacement (30Kton Hiraga Variant B): 2x3 41cm/50 Kongo Replacement (30Kton Hiraga Variant C): 3x2 41cm/50 Kongo Replacement (35Kton Hiraga Variant A): 3x3 41cm/50 Kongo Replacement (35Kton Hiraga Variant B): 2x4,1x2 41cm/50 Kongo Replacement (35Kton Hiraga Variant C): 3x4 41cm/50 Kongo Replacement (35Kton Hiraga Variant D): 2x3,2x2 41cm/50 Kongo Replacement (Fujimoto Proposal): 3x3 41cm/50 Kongo Replacement (Fujimoto Endo Akira Proposal): 4x3 41cm/50 Keiji Fukoda 35.000ton Design: 3x3 41cm/50 A-140D: 4x2 41cm/50 A-140J0/J2: 3x3 41cm/50 A-140J3: 4x3 41cm/50 46cm/45 armed designs: Keiji Fukoda 55.000ton Design: 3x3 46cm/45 Ezaki Iwakichi Design: 3x3 46cm/45 A-140A2/B2: 4x2 46cm/45 A-140F1/G/K series: 2x3,1x2 46cm/45 A-140F6 Yamato: 3x3 46cm/45 A-140I: 2x3,2x2 46cm/45 46cm/50 armed designs: Fujimto Kongo Replacement upgun proposal: 4x2 46cm/50 Hiraga Proto Yamato: 3x3 46cm/50 all forward Design K (No.13 preliminary 4x2 46cm/50) Design L (No.13 preliminary 5x2 46cm/50) Design M (No.13 preliminary 4x3 46cm/50) Design N (No.13 preliminary 3x3,2x2 46cm/50) 51cm/45 armed designs: Yamato Upgun: 3x2 51cm/45 Possible A-150 design: 4x2 51cm/45 Possible A-150 design: 3x3 51cm/45 Fujimoto Dream Battleship (all forward 3x4 or 4x3 51cm/45) 100.000ton Battleship (last IJN Battleship Proposal) possible 4x3 51cm/45

Here: https://tzoli.deviantart.com/art/Kongo-Replacement-Design-30K-Variant-E-734482584

I do not speak spanish so I use english instead. That drawing of mine of the long battlecruiser in her modernised form are requested by a friend of mine and was based on these official designs: http://gazo.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hiraga2/show/id/22050201#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=-534%2C-114%2C3947%2C2274 http://gazo.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hiraga2/show/id/21930401#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=1&xywh=-337%2C0%2C3553%2C2046 http://gazo.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hiraga2/show/id/21930501#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=1&xywh=-337%2C0%2C3553%2C2046 http://gazo.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hiraga2/show/id/21930601#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=1&xywh=-337%2C0%2C3553%2C2046 My opinion is that these are the Battlecruiser versions of the Nagato class battleships. Using google translator!!! : No hablo español, así que uso el inglés. Ese dibujo mío del crucero de batalla largo en su forma modernizada es solicitado por un amigo mío y se basó en estos diseños oficiales: Mi opinión es que estas son las versiones Battlecruiser de los acorazados de la clase Nagato.

For those who are asking about the variants in the first post, here are the official documents from the Hiraga archive: http://gazo.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hiraga2/show/id/20680101#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=1734%2C68%2C1157%2C2008&r=270 http://gazo.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hiraga2/show/id/20680101#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=1&xywh=1964%2C356%2C803%2C1395&r=270 And some official documents on the final design(s) http://gazo.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hiraga2/show/id/20470401#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=4&xywh=-334%2C-1%2C3547%2C2044 Other documents: http://gazo.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hiraga2/items/browse?search=金剛代艦&submit_search=Search

Here are my drawings of the OTO Design: And the UP-102 which was also offered to Romania next to the UP-90: Data correction for the OTO (Odero Terni Orlando) scout cruiser: Dimensions: 140 (pp) x 16,2 x 8,6m Displacement: 4.500tons (standard), 6.000tons (full load) Engines: 75.000shp Steam Turbines, 2 shafts Speed: 67km/h (36knots) Armour: 52mm Belt, 25mm Deck Armaments: 2x3 152mm/55 Modello 1936 OTO Guns 4x2 37mm/54 Modello 1938 Breda AA Guns 4x2 13,2mm/75,7 Breda AA Guns 1x4 533mm Torpedo Tubes 1-3 Floatplanes presumably Arado Ar-196 And data of the UP-102 Design (The Italian Deutschland) Dimensions: 187,5 (oa) x 21 x 5,8m Displacement: 10.770tons (standard), 13.500tons (full load) Engines: 75.000shp Steam Turbines, 4 shafts Speed: 57km/h (31knots) Armour: 102mm Belt, 64mm Deck Armaments: 2x3 280mm/50 Guns (Either new guns of Italian or Swedish origin or German ones used on the Deutschlands) 6x2 120mm/40 Modello 1938/39 DP-AA Guns (New development) 8x2 40mm/56 Bofors AA Guns 8x2 20mm/65 Modello 1935 Breda AA Guns 2x3 533mm Torpedo Tubes 2x Floatplanes (I chose IMAM Ro.43 and Arado Ar-192)

The Royal Danish Navy had it's share for never-were designs in the inter war period before being annexed by Germany. I now show you the projects I've found so far. Project PG 225 Gunboat / Inspection ship (1936 December) The project was an improved version of the inspection ship HDMS Ingolf, not alone with a stronger main armament and with torpedoes, but furthermore with a light horizontal armored deck made of shipbuilding steel positioned 25cm above the water line. A single reconnaissance floatplane can be carried behind the funnel which was lowered and recovered from the water via a crane. The searchlights are located on pillars both side of the funnel (90cm ones) and above the bridge, just beneath the main rangefinder (35cm ones). One notices that the aft firing guns had gotten priority just like what was the case for some of the similar ship projects of the time. Data: Dimensions: 84,5 x 11,4 x 3,7m Displacement: circa 1.550tons standard Maximum speed: 33km/h (18knots) Armour: Strengthened deck Armament: 5x1 12cm guns (1 forward, 1-1 at both sides of the superstructure 2 aft) 4x2 40mm AA MG Number of 8mm AA MG 2x2 45cm Torpedo Tubes Sensors: 2x 90cm search lights 2x 35cm search lights 1x 4m rangefinder Project PG 226 Gunboat / Inspection ship (1936 December). This project was again an improved Ingolf similar to the previous PG 225 design except the use of flush deck design and superfirng pair of guns forward and aft. Like in PG 225 there was a light armored deck and furthermore provisions were made to carry a single reconnaissance floatplane which was placed just behind of the mainmast, over and around the shield of the 3rd gun, which thereby concealed under the plane similarly to HMDS Ingolf’s aft turrets. Armament is very similar that of project PG 225 though the 90cm searchlights were on platforms, both sides of the funnel, roughly half of its height. Data: Dimensions: 84,5 x 11,4 x 3,7m Displacement: circa 1.500tons standard Maximum speed: 31km/h (17knots) Armour: Strengthened deck Armament: 4x1 12cm guns (all centreline) 4x2 40mm AA MG Number of 8mm AA MG 2x2 45cm Torpedo Tubes Sensors: 2x 90cm search lights 2x 35cm search lights 1x 4m rangefinder Project PG 237 Gunboat / Inspection Ship (1938 February) This project was designed as a training and inspection ship and marked considerable improvement over the previous 2 ships. Not alone for the heavier main armament but also because the ship was to be protected by 2 armored decks and a light belt armour. The front part of the armoured deck (approximately 25mm thick) was 2,4m above the waterline, which was protected both ammunition magazines and continued down each side 1m below the waterline, while the aft part continued as the belt armoring in the height of the lower armored deck. The lower armored deck was 40cm over and 1m below the water line, inclined 45° to connect with the lower edge of the side armoring. The main gun barbettes diameter was of 4.5m and it’s armour thickness was 30mm. This formed the protection for the ammunition elevator. Each turret had it’s own 6m rangefinder in the back side of turret, on the aft deck (similar ot HMDS Peder Skram) there is a small aiming tower for the torpedo launchers. There are altogether 4 searchlights 3 90cm ones around the funnel and 1 60cm on the front of the bridge. This design had no installation for aircrafts. Data: Dimensions: 96 x 13 x 4,5m Displacement: 2.500tons standard, 2770tons full Maximum speed: 38km/h (20,5knots) Armour: 25mm belt, 25mm deck Armament: 2x2 15cm guns (all centreline) 4x1 40mm AA MG 2x2 20mm AA MG 1x2 45cm Torpedo Tubes Sensors: 3x 90cm search lights 1x 60cm search lights 1x 6m rangefinder Project PG 263 Training Gunboat (1941 June) This project that was named Kadet-kanonbåd (cadet gunboat) and a revised version of the earlier PG 237 design. Powerplant was mixed steam turbines and diesels driving 3 shafts, with the two outer ones powered by the steam turbines and the centre one by the diesel engines and used for cruising speed. Protection was formed by two armored decks, the lower deck was 2,4m above and 70cm below the waterline with an inclination of 45°. The ship side was not reinforced but the lower deck which went out horizontally to the sides formed a kind of bulkhead with the ship side plate on both sides. Searchlights include 2 90cm ones near the superstructure and 2 35cm ones for navigational use on the bridge. A 3 meter rangefinder was located on a platform behind the funnel near the 40mm AA guns. Like on the previous design, this ship too lack facilities for aircrafts. Data: Dimensions: 89,5 x 13 x 4m Displacement: 1.960tons standard, 2200tons full Maximum speed: 38km/h (20,5knots) Armour: 25mm belt, 25mm deck Armament: 2x2 15cm guns (all centreline) 2x2 40mm AA MG 4x1 20mm AA MG 1x2 45cm Torpedo Tubes Sensors: 2x 90cm search lights 2x 35cm search lights 1x 6m rangefinder 1x 3m rangefinder Capital ship designs: The history of naval warfare showed that most battles were fought using broadsides of warships and hence a ship with an all aft armament and stronger armour wouldn’t be weaker than a ship with standard layout and less armour. This kind of thinking was used in some of the coastal warship designs in the Danish navy of the 1930’s though with not much political possibility to be built. None the less these designs would provide defense for the long Danish shore line. Data on the various projects: Project A (1936 May) 5.730tons standard displacement, 37km/h (20knots), 2x2 254mm cannons (centerline forward and aft) 3x2 150mm guns (2 winged turrets next to the bridge, 3rd superfiring over the aft main turret) Project B (1936 October) 5.730tons standard displacement, 33km/h (18knots), 2x2 254mm cannons (centerline, evenly spread forward and aft) 4x2 120mm guns (2 winged turrets next to the bridge, 2 superfiring over the main turrets) 2x2 533mm Torpedo tubes aft Project C (1936 November) 4.600tons standard displacement, 39km/h (21knots), 2x2 202mm guns (centerline forward and aft) 4x2 120mm guns (2 winged turrets next to the bridge, 2 superfiring over the main turrets) 2x2 533mm Torpedo tubes aft Project D (1936 November-December) 4.000tons standard displacement, Speed not specified 2x2 203mm guns (centerline forward and aft) 3x2 120mm guns (2 winged turrets next to the bridge, 3rd superfiring over the aft main turret) Project E (1939 August) 5.730tons standard displacement, 37km/h (20knots), 2x2 254mm cannons (centerline forward and aft) 4x2 150mm guns (2 winged turrets next to the bridge, 2 superfiring over the main turrets) Close range AA armament for these ships are not included in the designs but the following calibres were considered: 40mm, 25mm, 20mm, 8mm Project A: And an earlier preliminary from 1933: From Vores Krydser (Our Cruisers) and Vore Panserskibe (Our Armoured Ships) by Commander Robert Steen Steensen